The Psalter map (ca. 1250) has dragons in the bottom "frame", below the world (but no text), balancing Jesus and angels at top; verso has a T-O map with Christ standing on dragons; i.e. related to victorious ruler trampling enemies (the calcatio motif) where the dragon stands for the devil or death [Sinclair A. Sheers]

The Ebstorf map (13th c.) has the draco in the extreme south-eastern part of Africa, together with the aspis and basiliscus [M. Hoogvliet]

The Borgia Map (ca. 1430), Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, has text above a dragon-like figure in Asia (the upper left quadrant of the map) which reads "Hic etiam homines magna cornua habentes longitudine quatuor pedum, et sunt etiam serpentes tante magnitudinis, ut unum bovem comedant integrum" ("Here also are huge men having horns four feet long, and there are serpents also of such magnitude that they can eat an ox whole") [Geoff Armitage; Alice Hudson; Margaret Wilkes]

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